Personal Experience Essay Topics - Finding a Topic Thats Best For You

Personal Experience Essay Topics - Finding a Topic That's Best For YouExperience essay topics are a great way to go about writing an essay, especially if you're just learning how to write an essay. Essay topics can be all over the place, so it's not surprising that you'll encounter different experiences in the many essays you're required to write throughout your education. If you are challenged with this, then it can be difficult to figure out the best way to tackle your personal experience essay topics.Different experiences are different. It is best to try and stay away from the common essay topics, since those are the easiest to write. The best way to go about doing this is to make sure you know the personal experience topic before you begin. In other words, prepare to use that topic when you write your essay.Then, when you begin writing, you will be able to move forward and tackle your unique experience. By doing this, you will be sure to be more organized, and you'll have an easi er time with your essay overall. In addition, since you know what you're writing about, you'll be able to tell if you're getting it right or not.Once you have a list of essay topics you can write about, you can start off by deciding which ones you want to write about. In other words, there should be a specific event, a specific setting, or a certain situation that you want to explore in your essay. This way, you won't get lost or have trouble figuring out the specifics that you need to include.Now, in order to write an essay about your personal experience, you'll need to decide what you want to cover. You'll be better off being honest and letting your reader know exactly what it is that you want to write about. This way, it won't be a problem when you write your essay.In addition, you should also take some time to research the personal experience essay topics that you're going to write about. This way, you'll be sure to have something interesting to say, and you won't be wasting you r time with bland and boring topics. Make sure that you research the topic that you're writing about so that you will have a great start to your essay.You should also consider what you will talk about when you're writing about your personal experience. Since this is your first essay, you might be tempted to be all over the place with your topics. However, in order to be successful, you need to make sure that your topic is focused and on point.As a result, make sure that you sit down and write out your topic before you begin. This way, you will be able to figure out what you're writing about, and you won't run into any problems when you're writing your first essay. After all, with your focus, you will be able to know how to write a personal experience essay topic that will help you succeed in college.

Bachelor Degree Nursing Online Program Forensic Corrections Nurses Provide Needed Treatment to Inmates 2019

According to a recent report in The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, forensic nursing is currently one of the fastest growing disciplines within the field of nursing. Whereas many forensic nurses specialize in areas that link medicine and law, forensic corrections nurses provide direct care for offenders who need medical attention in correctional facilities. Bachelor degree nursing online programs as well as forensic nursing certificate programs are providing needed education and training for nurses interested in pursuing a career as a forensic corrections nurse. What is a Forensic Corrections Nurse? Forensic corrections nurses are usually bachelor degree nursing online program graduates who typically work in the following settings: Forensic corrections nurses work in prisons. Forensic corrections nurses work in jails. Forensic corrections nurses work in juvenile detention centers. Common treatment activities include administering medications to inmates, serving in the corrections facilitys hospital, and caring for victims of fights. Bachelor degree nursing online graduates who work as forensic corrections nurses may also be called upon to assist in negotiations when inmates become violent and create hostile situations. .u05462ea5d48a143fccf38959e3a1b19a { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u05462ea5d48a143fccf38959e3a1b19a:active, .u05462ea5d48a143fccf38959e3a1b19a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u05462ea5d48a143fccf38959e3a1b19a { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u05462ea5d48a143fccf38959e3a1b19a .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u05462ea5d48a143fccf38959e3a1b19a .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u05462ea5d48a143fccf38959e3a1b19a:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Illinois Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-Based Education in Illinois, The Inland EmpireRequired Education to Become a Forensic Corrections Nurse Forensic corrections nurses must be licensed as registered nurses within the U.S. Licensure may be obtained through a hospital diploma, associate degree, or bachelor degree nursing online or campus program. BSN nursing schools such as Kaplan University, offer a Forensic Nursing Certificate Program that provides essential training in forensic sciences. Kaplans accelerated BSN online program also offers students the opportunity to pursue a specialty within the field of nursing. Prospective students who are interested in more information on a career as a Forensic Corrections Nurse may visit the International Association of Forensic Nurses website. Related ArticlesBachelor Degree Nursing Specialties Forensic Nurse Investigators Apply Medical Knowledge to Crime ScenesOnline RN to BSN Program Forensic Psychiatric Nurses Serve a Vital Role in the Criminal Justice SystemBachelor of Science Nursing Specialty Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners Care for Victims and Investigate CrimeOnline BSN Degree Forensic Pediatric Nurses Protect Human Rights of ChildrenBachelor Degree in Nursing Online Nephrology Nurses Attend to the Complex Needs of Patients with Kidney DiseaseLPN RN Online Program Combine Business and Nursing for Advanced Career Opportunities .u8d23714930d516b2815769797394a73a { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-b ox-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u8d23714930d516b2815769797394a73a:active, .u8d23714930d516b2815769797394a73a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u8d23714930d516b2815769797394a73a { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u8d23714930d516b2815769797394a73a .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u8d23714930d516b2815769797394a73a .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u8d23714930d516b2815769797394a73a:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Computer Science Related Careers

Aristotelian Criticism The Monk s Tale - 2417 Words

Aristotelian Criticism: The Monk’s Tale Abstract: Aristotle’s theory of Greek Tragedy was originally intended for Greek plays, but it can be extended to other non-Greek pieces such as novels, short stories, and poetry. The formula contains four key components recommended for tragic tales. The elements of this theory (koros, hubris, ate, and catharsis) can be noted in every tale told by the Monk within The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer. This relationship will be the main focus of the succeeding composition. Tragic stories can be evaluated in many forms using different methods. One of these approaches, Aristotle’s theory of Greek Tragedy, has become a common formula for examining the value of tragic works. All of the components included in this theory are a reflection of what Aristotle felt made a good tragedy. The elements of this theory (koros, hubris, ate, and catharsis) can be noted in every tale told by the Monk within The Canterbury Tales. One work frequently linked to Aristotle’s theory is the tragic Greek play Oedipus the King, by Sophocles. Perhaps this universal comparison is used due to Aristotle’s high opinion of the work as a perfect tragedy. Although Chaucer’s poem isn’t a Greek play, it would still be prudent to apply the components of Aristotle’s theory to the Monk’s short, tragic tales comprised in â€Å"The Monk’s Tale,† of The Canterbury Tales. In doing so, it will be apparent that Aristotle’s influence reached many future writers, whether they were

Innovating Innovations Creating the Next Generations of Empowerment

Question: Discuss about the importance of innovating innovation. Answer: This event was mainly about the importance of innovating innovation. The topics that were covered in this event comprised of the innovative practices that will revolutionise the future. The practices mainly include digitalization in business, future industrial revolution and skills and competencies required for entrepreneurship. Before attending this event, I thought that innovation is the key for the success in future; however, this event changed this perspective of mine. Chris Veinconveyed a very interesting point that, it is not just important to innovate, but innovating innovation is most important. Every business should incorporate a digital strategy for its success. The digital should comprise of understand the needs of customers and build innovative strategies using interactive, agile practices and technology stack. Chris Veinalso explained that the top skills that entrepreneurs and ICT professionals need to develop are complex problem solving, creativity, people management, quality control, service orientation, people management, decision making and active listening. Overall, the workshop has been a very enlightening experience. In addition to Chris Veinspresentation and lecture the networking and interaction that I did with other members of the workshop and ACS members helped me understand the key trends in ICT and areas that I need to focus on for my future. All that I learnt from this event will be very helpful in my ICT profession as I will be able to deploy more innovative solutions to business problems. Further, the skill set explained by Chris Veinwill be very helpful for my internship as I have understood the main skills that I need to focus on. In my Internship, I will try to develop the skills which Im lacking at, so that I can perform better in my future career.

The Goddesses as the Ideals Set by Society

In the past, women were revered in their own special way. This was because they were respected as the bearers of children who grew up to be great leaders. Women were held in great esteem and viewed as the back bone of homesteads. Females were recognized as care givers to the children in ancient times. This is evident by the fact that several tales are focused on the upbringing of the children by their mothers. Women were seen emotional and attached to their children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Goddesses as the Ideals Set by Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Homer Hesoid and Hugh G Evelyn-White pointed out that â€Å"they would go to great lengths to protect their children† (109). In ancient Greece, the goddess known as Demeter went on a long search for her daughter, Persephone, who was taken by the son of Cronus, the dark God of the underground kingdom, Hades, unwillingly. Her screams were unheard throughout the land, and only one person heard her shrill. The search of grieving Demeter for her daughter took a long time, and that is the thing that made the tale a legendary one. She traversed the lands looking for Persephone who she loved dearly. It may be interesting to note that although she was a goddess, she even went to the extent of disguising herself as a mortal so that she would be able to get close to mortals and care for a child as her own. The goddess Demeter also wanted to rid of her duties. She planned to do this by disrupting the natural flow of events that would lead to the awful consequences. She stopped the seeds that mortals planted in the earth from sprouting. This was also accompanied by drought that led to deaths among the mortals. All these were because of her frustrations of not being able to find her daughter. It shows that women were ready to sacrifice anything including the lives of the others to save their own children. The goddess wandered ac ross the land with flames in her hands as she searched for her daughter signifying her wrath. She was ready to take on the person who had brought her misery by taking her daughter. Another fact that may be noted is that when she was summoned by Zeus, the King of the Gods, who nobody dared to disobey, she refused to come. This shows her determination. Since it was a severe break of the rules for a god not to sit at the council when required, Demeter was considered to be transgressing. The fact that the king understood her woes and did not interfere in her search shows that women were respected even when they behaved in undignified manner. Such was the case with the Egyptian Goddess Isis who went to did everything possible to ensure that her husband Osiris was brought back to life. When the brother of her husband tricked and killed Osiris, she was very distraught because the killer went ahead and claimed all the property of the dead king for himself. This included Isis who was resentf ul of the whole idea. She went to great lengths to ensure that her husband was resuscitated and even after Set found out that Osiris was about to be brought back to life. He tore up the body of Osiris and scattered it all over the world, but Isis still managed to gather the pieces together and assemble them till they were sewn together and formed the complete body of Osiris.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She did this although she was aware that once a person had died, he/she would not be able to live as a normal person, and this was the case with Osiris who went on to live in the land of the dead as their ruler. As Shah Alam stated â€Å"she also went to the extent of making sure that she conceived the child of Osiris and gave birth to a son sired by Osiris through a spell that she cast† (58). The son that she gave birth to was taken to a land far away in order to grow up and a venge of the death of his father by confronting his uncle. Isis made sure that Set was not aware of the child and the location where the child was being raised because he would have ensured that the child would not have survived. This was because of the natural fear of the vengeance that every child would most likely want to revenge for the death of his/her parent. Due to his mother, Horus grew up knowing that he was going to avenge of the death of his father and fight for his rightful place in the echelons of the society. When he was old enough to face his uncle, his mother stood by her word. According to prophesies, her son won the battle against his uncle that had been lasting for several days. At that time, the feminine ideals of the societies stated that women were minders of the youngsters and as such, the men did not feature much in the matters of upbringing of the children except occasionally. The women were dedicated to the task of raising their children and would not let a nyone to harm their kids. The goddesses in question were quite robust and able to face and manage any challenge when it concerned their children. The story of Nin-Me-Sara, the lady of countless cosmic powers, firmly confirms that fact. In all these cases, the story line is the same since they all wanted to ensure that their off-spring were taken care of and had proper upbringing. The goddesses of Rome, Egypt, Greece and Mesopotamia who had youngsters all had interests in their upbringing. Sometimes, the goddesses would go against the feminine ideals passing beyond the limits. These invisible boundaries were normally drawn by their unwritten laws that stated the position of the women in the society. Woman’s place was supposed to be the home though the goddesses were in charge of various aspects that affected the lives of the individuals. The goddesses were able to reflect the feminine ideals of the society through their commitment and their undying love for their children. Whi le they were ready to break the rules that were in place to save their children, they managed to show that their children meant everything to the, thus they showed that they were good mothers to their children. Elgin stated that â€Å"The feminine ideals of society were put in place to keep order in the society† (88). The goddesses were supernatural and maintained their status of ideal parents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Goddesses as the Ideals Set by Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They managed to do this despite all the difficulties. Isis, for example, was not afraid of Set despite his immense powers and the fact that he had killed the great Osiris. Unlike all the others in the society, she was able to speak up to Set and defy his word. It was understandable that she went through a lot by losing her husband. The resentment that she had for Set was justified in its own way. She went aga inst the norms of the society by following her dead husband’s body and attempting to bring him back to life. Even when Set found out, there was nothing he could do about it since she was strong willed. She shows that a woman’s dedication to her family ought to be undying and absolute. This implies that nothing can come between a strong willed woman and her family. A woman who has been ill-treated by someone else still manages to persevere an asset to the community. As the goddesses of the past showed us in the tales about their families, rules and norms that are set by society are meant to uphold a sense of order and not suppress us. If anyone tries to suppress another person, then the ideals of society can be bent to accommodate the emotional as well as personal vendettas that have been afflicted with individuals. The goddesses show that sometimes transgressing the ideals of society in pursuit of justice is vindicated. These transgressions are justified as long as the y are within certain boundaries. The goddesses know the powers, and the tales show that they did not over-transgressing the ideals set by society. The myths maintain that as much as the goddesses are mystical beings, they are still vulnerable to emotional aspects of life. Works Cited Alam, Shah. Basics of guidance and counseling. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, 2009. Print. Elgin, Cathy. Egyptian Myths. California: Windmill Books, 2009. Print. Hesoid, Homer and Hugh G Evelyn-White. Hesoid, the Homeric Hymns and Homerica. Kansas: Digireads Publishing, 2008. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The Goddesses as the Ideals Set by Society was written and submitted by user Defenders to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Johannes Kepler, Pioneering Astronomer

Biography of Johannes Kepler, Pioneering Astronomer Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571–November 15, 1630) was a pioneering German astronomer, inventor, astrologer, and mathematician who is best known for the three laws of planetary motion now named for him. In addition, his experiments in the field of optics were instrumental in revolutionizing eyeglass and other lens-related technologies. Thanks to his innovative discoveries combined with his original and accurate methodology for recording and analyzing his own data as well as that of his contemporaries, Kepler is considered one of the most significant contributing minds of the 17th-century scientific revolution. Johannes Kepler Known For: Kepler was an inventor, astronomer, and mathematician who served as a central figure in the 17th-century scientific revolution.Born: December 27, 1571 in Weil, Swabia, Germany  Parents: Heinrich and Katharina Guldenmann KeplerDied: November 15, 1630 in Regensburg, Bavaria, GermanyEducation: Tà ¼binger Stift, Eberhard Karls University of Tà ¼bingenPublished Works:  Mysterium Cosmographicum (The Sacred Mystery of the Cosmos), Astronomiae Pars Optica  (The Optical Part of Astronomy), Astronomia Nova  (New Astronomy), Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo  (Conversation with the Starry Messenger) Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae  (Epitome of Copernican Astronomy), Harmonices Mundi (Harmony of the Worlds)Spouse(s): Barbara Mà ¼eller, Susan ReuttingerChildren: 11Notable Quote: â€Å"I much prefer the sharpest criticism of a single intelligent man to the thoughtless approval of the masses.† Early Life, Education, and Influences Johannes Kepler was born on December 27, 1571, in Weil der Stadt, Wà ¼rttemburg, in the Holy Roman Empire. His family, once prominent, was relatively poor by the time he was born. Keplers paternal grandfather Sebald Kepler, a respected craftsman, had served as mayor of the city. His maternal grandfather, innkeeper Melchior Guldenmann, was mayor of the nearby village Eltingen. Keplers mother Katharina was an herbalist who helped run the family hostelry. His father Heinrich served as a mercenary soldier. Keplers gift for mathematics and interest in the stars became evident at an early age. He was a sickly child, and while he survived a bout of smallpox, he was left with weak vision and damage to his hands. His poor eyesight did not hinder his studies, however. In 1576, Kepler began attending the Latin school in Leonberg. He witnessed both the passing of The Great Comet of 1577 and a lunar eclipse in the same year, which were thought to have been inspirational in his later studies. In 1584, he enrolled at the Protestant seminary at Adelberg, with the goal of becoming a minister. In 1589, after obtaining a scholarship, he matriculated to the Protestant University of Tà ¼bingen. In addition to his theological studies, Kepler read widely. While at university, he learned of the astronomer Copernicus and became a devotee of his system. Career, Religion, and Marriage After graduation, Kepler obtained a position teaching mathematics in Graz, Austria, at the Protestant seminary. He was also appointed district mathematician and calendar maker. It was in Graz that he penned his defense of the Copernican system Mysterium Cosmographicum in 1597. Kepler married a wealthy 23-year-old twice-widowed heiress named Barbara Mà ¼eller that same year. Kepler and his wife began their family but their first two children died in infancy. As a Lutheran, Kepler followed the Augsburg Confession. However, he did not accept the presence of Jesus Christ in the sacrament of Holy Communion and refused to sign the Formula of Accord. As a result, Kepler was exiled from the Lutheran Church (his subsequent refusal to convert to Catholicism left him at odds with both sides when the Thirty Years War broke out in 1618) and was obliged to leave Graz. In 1600, Kepler moved to Prague, where he had been hired by Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe- who held the title of Imperial Mathematician to Emperor Rudolph II. Brahe tasked Kepler with analyzing planetary observations and writing arguments to refute Brahes rivals. Analysis of Brahes data showed that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse rather than the perfect circle that was always held to be ideal. When Brahe died in 1601, Kepler took over Brahes title and position. In 1602, Keplers daughter Susanna was born, followed by sons Friedrich in 1604 and Ludwig in 1607. In 1609, Kepler published Astronomia Nova, which contained the two laws of planetary motion that now bear his name. The book also detailed the scientific methodology and thought processes hed used to arrive at his conclusions. It is the first published account wherein a scientist documents how he has coped with the multitude of imperfect data to forge a theory of surpassing accuracy, he wrote. Mid-Career, Remarriage, and War When Emperor Rudolph abdicated to his brother Matthias in 1611, Keplers position became increasingly precarious due to his religious and political beliefs. Keplers wife Barbara came down with Hungarian spotted fever that same year. Both Barbara and Keplers son Friedrich (whod contracted smallpox) succumbed to their illnesses in 1612. After their deaths, Kepler accepted a position as district mathematician for the city of Linz (a post he retained until 1626) and was remarried in 1613 to Susan Reuttinger. His second marriage was reported to be happier than his first, although three of the couples six children died in childhood. At the opening of the Thirty Years War in 1618, Kepler’s tenure in Linz was further imperiled. As a court official, he was exempt from the decree banishing Protestants from the district but he did not escape persecution. In 1619, Kepler published Harmonices Mundi in which he laid out his third law. In 1620, Keplers mother was accused of witchcraft and put on trial. Kepler was obliged to return to Wà ¼rttemburg to defend her against the charges. The following year saw the publication of his seven-volume Epitome Astronomiae in 1621, an influential work that discussed heliocentric astronomy in a systematic way. During this time, he also completed the Tabulae Rudolphinae (Rudolphine Tables) begun by Brahe, adding his own innovations that included calculations arrived at by the use of logarithms. Unfortunately, when a peasant rebellion erupted in Linz, a fire destroyed much of the original printed edition. Later Years and Death As the war dragged on, Keplers house was requisitioned as a garrison for soldiers. He and his family departed Linz in 1626. By the time the  Tabulae Rudolphinae  was eventually published in Ulm in 1627, Kepler was unemployed and was owed a great deal of unpaid salary from his years as Imperial Mathematician. After efforts to obtain numerous court appointments failed, Kepler returned to Prague in an attempt to recoup some of his financial losses from the royal treasury. Kepler died in Regensburg, Bavaria, in 1630. His gravesite was lost when the churchyard in which he was buried was destroyed at some time during the Thirty Years War. Legacy More than an astronomer, Johannes Keplers legacy spans a number of fields and encompasses an impressive number of scientific firsts. Keplar both discovered the universal laws of planetary motion and explained them correctly. He was the first to correctly explain how the moon creates the tide (which Galileo disputed) and the first to suggest that the Sun rotates around its axis. In addition, he calculated the now commonly accepted birth year for Jesus Christ and coined the word satellite. Keplers book Astronomia Pars Optica is the foundation of the science of modern optics. Not only was he the first to define vision as a process of refraction within the eye, as well as explain the process depth perception, he was also first to explain the principles of the  telescope and describe the properties of total internal reflection. His revolutionary designs for eyeglasses- for both nearsightedness and farsightedness- literally changed the way in which people with vision impairments see the world. Sources â€Å"Johannes Kepler: His Life, His Laws and Times. NASA.Casper, Max.  Kepler. Collier Books, 1959. Reprint, Dover Publications, 1993.Voelkel, James R.  Johannes Kepler and the New Astronomy. Oxford University Press, 1999.Kepler, Johannes, and William Halsted Donahue.  Johannes Kepler: New Astronomy. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Ancient Egyptians Played a Board Game Called 58 Holes

Ancient Egyptians Played a Board Game Called 58 Holes The 4,000-year-old board game 58 Holes is also called Hounds and Jackals, the Monkey Race, the Shield Game, and the Palm Tree Game, all of which refer to the shape of the game board or the pattern of the peg holes in the face of the board. As you might guess, the game consists of a board with a track of fifty-eight holes (and a few grooves), in which players race a pair of pegs along the route. It is thought to have been invented in Egypt around 2200 B.C. It flourished during the Middle Kingdom, but died out in Egypt after that, around 1650 B.C. Around the end of the third millennium B.C., 58 Holes spread into Mesopotamia and maintained its popularity there until well into the first millennium B.C. Playing 58 Holes The ancient game 58 Holes most closely resembles the modern childrens game known as Snakes and Ladders in Britain and Chutes and Ladders in the United States. In 58 Holes, each player is given five pegs. They begin at the starting point to move their pegs down the center of the board and then up their respective sides to the endpoints. The lines on the board are the chutes or ladders that allow the player to quickly advance or to just as quickly fall behind. Ancient boards are generally rectangular to oval and sometimes shield or violin-shaped. The two players throw dice, sticks, or knucklebones to determine the number of places they can move, marked on the game board by elongated pegs or pins. The name Hounds and Jackals comes from the decorative shapes of the playing pins found at Egyptian archaeological sites. Rather like Monopoly tokens, one players peg head would be in shape of a dog, the other in that of a jackal. Other forms discovered by archaeologists include pins shaped liked monkeys and bulls. The pegs that been retrieved from archaeological sites were made of bronze, gold, silver, or ivory. It is quite likely that many more existed, but were made of perishable materials such as reeds or wood. Cultural Transmission Versions of Hounds and Jackals spread into the near east shortly after its invention, including Palestine, Assyria, Anatolia, Babylonia, and Persia. Archaeological boards were found in the ruins of Assyrian merchant colonies in Central Anatolia dating as early as the 19th and 18th centuries B.C. These are thought to have been brought by Assyrian merchants, who also brought writing and cylinder seals from Mesopotamia into Anatolia. One route along which the boards, writing, and seals might have traveled is the overland route that would later become the Royal Road of the Achaemenids. Maritime connections also facilitated international trade. There is strong evidence that 58 Holes was traded throughout the Mediterranean region and beyond. With such widespread distribution, its normal that a considerable amount of local variation would exist. Different cultures, some of which were enemies of the Egyptians at the time, adapted and created new imagery for the game. Certainly, other artifact types are adapted and changed for use in local communities. The 58 Holes gameboards, however, seem to have maintained their general shapes, styles, rules, and iconography - no matter where they were played. This is somewhat surprising, because other games, such as chess, were widely and freely adapted by the cultures that adopted them. The consistency of form and iconography in 58 Holes may be a result of the complexity of the board. Chess, for example, has a simple board of 64 squares, with the movement of the pieces dependent on largely unwritten (at the time) rules. Gameplay for 58 Holes depends strictly on the board layout. Trading Games The discussion of cultural transmission of game boards, in general, is currently of considerable scholarly research. The recovery of game boards with two different sides - one a local game and one from another country - suggest that the boards were used as a social facilitator to enable friendly transactions with strangers in new places. At least 68 gameboards of 58 Holes have been found archaeologically, including examples from Iraq (Ur, Uruk, Sippar, Nippur, Nineveh, Ashur, Babylon, Nuzi), Syria (Ras el-Ain, Tell Ajlun, Khafaje), Iran (Tappeh Sialk, Susa, Luristan), Israel (Tel Beth Shean, Megiddo, Gezer), Turkey (Boghazkoy, Kultepe, Karalhuyuk, Acemhuyuk), and Egypt (Buhen, Thebes, El-Lahun, Sedment). Sources Crist, Walter. Board Games in Antiquity. Anne Vaturi, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, August 21, 2014. Crist, Walter. Facilitating Interaction: Board Games as Social Lubricants in the Ancient Near East. Alex de Voogt, Anne-Elizabeth Dunn-Vaturi, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Wiley Online Library, April 25, 2016. De Voogt, Alex. Cultural transmission in the ancient Near East: twenty squares and fifty-eight holes. Anne-Elizabeth Dunn-Vaturi, Jelmer W.Eerkens, Journal of Archaeological Science, Volume 40, Issue 4, ScienceDirect, April 2013. Dunn-Vaturi, Anne-E. The Monkey Race - Remarks on Board Games Accessories. Board Games Studies 3, 2000. Romain, Pascal. Les reprà ©sentations des jeux de pions dans le Proche-Orient ancien et leur signification. Board Game Studies 3, 2000.